KỲ THI TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG QUỐC GIA NĂM 2018

(Thời gian làm bài: 60 phút, không kể thời gian phát đề)

ĐỀ SỐ 091

Mark the letter A, B, Co or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions from 1 to 2.

Question 1: A. advance       B. ancient              C. cancer               D. annual

KỲ THI TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG QUỐC GIA NĂM 2018

(Thời gian làm bài: 60 phút, không kể thời gian phát đề)

ĐỀ SỐ 091

Mark the letter A, B, Co or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions from 1 to 2.

Question 2: A. devotion      B. congestion        C. suggestion        D. question

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions from 3 to 4.

Question 3: A| abundance  

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions from 3 to 4.

Question 4:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions from 5 to 7.

Question 5: He made it clear once more that the missed books were to be received and brought to him.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions from 5 to 7.

Question 6: Every day in summer, but especially at the weekends, all kinds of vehicles bring crowds of people to enjoy the various attraction.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions from 5 to 7.

Question 7: The federal government recommends that all expectant women will not only refrain from smoking but also avoid places where other people smoke.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 8: Instead of being excited about the good news, Ted seemed to be ___.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 9: I don’t like John. His ___ conplaints make me angry.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 10: My old friend and colleague, John, ___ married.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 11: Having opened the bottle, ___ for everyone.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 12: Poor management brought the company to ___ of collapse.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 13: The chairman requested that ___.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 14:  ___ seemed a miracle to us.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 15: Learners of English as a foreign language often fail to ___ between unfamiliar sounds in that language.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 16: I haven’t received the letter. It ___ to the wrong address.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 17: My sister bought a red jacket, but she would rather ___ a blue one.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 18: My first job was to arrange the files into ___ order from the oldest to the most recent.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 19: As a result of his father’s death; he ___ a lot of money.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.

Question 20: - “Let’s walk to the park!”

- “___”

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.

Question 21:    - “Do you like visiting museums?”

- “___”

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Question 22: We decided to pay for the furniture on the installment plan.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Question 23: Teletext is continuously sent out at all times when regular television programs are broadcast.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Question 24: Any student who neglects his or her homework is unlikely to do well at school.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Question 25: Many political radicals advocated that women should not be discriminated on the basic of their sex.

Mark the letter A, B, C, D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of following questions from 26 to 28.

Question 26: “John shouldn’t have behaved so badly’, said Janet.

Mark the letter A, B, C, D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of following questions from 26 to 28.

Question 27: It wasn’t clear to us at the time how serious the problem was.

Mark the letter A, B, C, D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of following questions from 26 to 28.

Question 28: He’ll know if he’s got the position or not sometime before 5 o’clock today.

Mark the letter A, B, C, D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions from 29 to 30.

Question 29: He behaved in a very strange way. That surprised me a lot.

Mark the letter A, B, C, D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions from 29 to 30.

Question 30: The man jumped out of the boat. He was bitten by a shark.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

The pig was the last animal to be fully domesticated by the farmer. Unlike the cow and the sheep, it is not a grass-eater. Its ancient home was the forest, where it searched for different kinds of food, such as nuts, roots, and dead animals, and found in the bushes ___(31) for its almost hairless body from extremes of sun and cold. For many centuries the farmer allowed it to continue there, leaving his pigs to look after themselves most of the time. As the woodlands began to shrink, the pig slowly began to be kept on the farm itself. But it did not finally come into a shed, where it was ___(32) on waste food from the farm and the house, until the eighteenth century.

The pig, then, became a farm animal in the ___(33) of agricultural improvement in Britain in the eighteenth century, but it was given little attention by special animal breeders, for the major farmers of the time preferred to develop the large kinds of animal. There were, however, various less well-known farmers interested in pigs and they ___(34) their improvements on new types of pigs from overseas. These were the Chinese pig, and its various relatives, includeing the Neapolitan pig, which were descended from Chinese pigs that had found their ___(35) to the Mediterranean in ancient times.

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Question 31:

Question 32:

Question 33:

Question 34:

Question 35:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions 36 to 42.

     The Singapore Science Center is located on a six-hectare site in Jurong. At the center we can discover the wonder of science and technology in a fun way. Clap your hands and colorful bulbs will light up. Start a wheel spinning and it will set off a fan churning. It is a place to answer our curiosity and capture our imagination.

     The center features over four hundred exhibits covering topics like solar radiation, communications, electronics, mathematics, nuclear energy and evolution. It aims to arose interest in center to be established in South East Asia. It was opened in 1977 and it now receives an average of one thousand, two hundred visitors a day. The exhibits can be found in four exhibition galleries. They are the Lobby, Physical Sciences, Life Science, and Aviation. These exhibits are renewed annually so as to encourage visitors to make return visits to the center.

     Instead of the usual “Hand off” notices found in exhibition halls, visitors are invited to touch and feel the exhibits, put the buttons, turn the cranks or pedals. This is an interesting way to learn science even if you hate the subject. A Discovery Center was built for children between the ages of three and twelve. This new exhibition gallery was completed in 1985. Lately this year a stone-age exhibit was built. It shows us about the animals and people which are extinct.

Question 36: What can be the best title of the passage?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions 36 to 42.

     The Singapore Science Center is located on a six-hectare site in Jurong. At the center we can discover the wonder of science and technology in a fun way. Clap your hands and colorful bulbs will light up. Start a wheel spinning and it will set off a fan churning. It is a place to answer our curiosity and capture our imagination.

     The center features over four hundred exhibits covering topics like solar radiation, communications, electronics, mathematics, nuclear energy and evolution. It aims to arose interest in center to be established in South East Asia. It was opened in 1977 and it now receives an average of one thousand, two hundred visitors a day. The exhibits can be found in four exhibition galleries. They are the Lobby, Physical Sciences, Life Science, and Aviation. These exhibits are renewed annually so as to encourage visitors to make return visits to the center.

     Instead of the usual “Hand off” notices found in exhibition halls, visitors are invited to touch and feel the exhibits, put the buttons, turn the cranks or pedals. This is an interesting way to learn science even if you hate the subject. A Discovery Center was built for children between the ages of three and twelve. This new exhibition gallery was completed in 1985. Lately this year a stone-age exhibit was built. It shows us about the animals and people which are extinct.

Question 37: What does “hand off” in paragraph 3 mean?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions 36 to 42.

     The Singapore Science Center is located on a six-hectare site in Jurong. At the center we can discover the wonder of science and technology in a fun way. Clap your hands and colorful bulbs will light up. Start a wheel spinning and it will set off a fan churning. It is a place to answer our curiosity and capture our imagination.

     The center features over four hundred exhibits covering topics like solar radiation, communications, electronics, mathematics, nuclear energy and evolution. It aims to arose interest in center to be established in South East Asia. It was opened in 1977 and it now receives an average of one thousand, two hundred visitors a day. The exhibits can be found in four exhibition galleries. They are the Lobby, Physical Sciences, Life Science, and Aviation. These exhibits are renewed annually so as to encourage visitors to make return visits to the center.

     Instead of the usual “Hand off” notices found in exhibition halls, visitors are invited to touch and feel the exhibits, put the buttons, turn the cranks or pedals. This is an interesting way to learn science even if you hate the subject. A Discovery Center was built for children between the ages of three and twelve. This new exhibition gallery was completed in 1985. Lately this year a stone-age exhibit was built. It shows us about the animals and people which are extinct.

Question 38: The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to ___.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions 36 to 42.

     The Singapore Science Center is located on a six-hectare site in Jurong. At the center we can discover the wonder of science and technology in a fun way. Clap your hands and colorful bulbs will light up. Start a wheel spinning and it will set off a fan churning. It is a place to answer our curiosity and capture our imagination.

     The center features over four hundred exhibits covering topics like solar radiation, communications, electronics, mathematics, nuclear energy and evolution. It aims to arose interest in center to be established in South East Asia. It was opened in 1977 and it now receives an average of one thousand, two hundred visitors a day. The exhibits can be found in four exhibition galleries. They are the Lobby, Physical Sciences, Life Science, and Aviation. These exhibits are renewed annually so as to encourage visitors to make return visits to the center.

     Instead of the usual “Hand off” notices found in exhibition halls, visitors are invited to touch and feel the exhibits, put the buttons, turn the cranks or pedals. This is an interesting way to learn science even if you hate the subject. A Discovery Center was built for children between the ages of three and twelve. This new exhibition gallery was completed in 1985. Lately this year a stone-age exhibit was built. It shows us about the animals and people which are extinct.

Question 39: It is stated in paragraph 2 that ___.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions 36 to 42.

     The Singapore Science Center is located on a six-hectare site in Jurong. At the center we can discover the wonder of science and technology in a fun way. Clap your hands and colorful bulbs will light up. Start a wheel spinning and it will set off a fan churning. It is a place to answer our curiosity and capture our imagination.

     The center features over four hundred exhibits covering topics like solar radiation, communications, electronics, mathematics, nuclear energy and evolution. It aims to arose interest in center to be established in South East Asia. It was opened in 1977 and it now receives an average of one thousand, two hundred visitors a day. The exhibits can be found in four exhibition galleries. They are the Lobby, Physical Sciences, Life Science, and Aviation. These exhibits are renewed annually so as to encourage visitors to make return visits to the center.

     Instead of the usual “Hand off” notices found in exhibition halls, visitors are invited to touch and feel the exhibits, put the buttons, turn the cranks or pedals. This is an interesting way to learn science even if you hate the subject. A Discovery Center was built for children between the ages of three and twelve. This new exhibition gallery was completed in 1985. Lately this year a stone-age exhibit was built. It shows us about the animals and people which are extinct.

Question 40: It is indicated in paragraph 3 that ___.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions 36 to 42.

     The Singapore Science Center is located on a six-hectare site in Jurong. At the center we can discover the wonder of science and technology in a fun way. Clap your hands and colorful bulbs will light up. Start a wheel spinning and it will set off a fan churning. It is a place to answer our curiosity and capture our imagination.

     The center features over four hundred exhibits covering topics like solar radiation, communications, electronics, mathematics, nuclear energy and evolution. It aims to arose interest in center to be established in South East Asia. It was opened in 1977 and it now receives an average of one thousand, two hundred visitors a day. The exhibits can be found in four exhibition galleries. They are the Lobby, Physical Sciences, Life Science, and Aviation. These exhibits are renewed annually so as to encourage visitors to make return visits to the center.

     Instead of the usual “Hand off” notices found in exhibition halls, visitors are invited to touch and feel the exhibits, put the buttons, turn the cranks or pedals. This is an interesting way to learn science even if you hate the subject. A Discovery Center was built for children between the ages of three and twelve. This new exhibition gallery was completed in 1985. Lately this year a stone-age exhibit was built. It shows us about the animals and people which are extinct.

Question 41: It is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2 that ___.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions 36 to 42.

     The Singapore Science Center is located on a six-hectare site in Jurong. At the center we can discover the wonder of science and technology in a fun way. Clap your hands and colorful bulbs will light up. Start a wheel spinning and it will set off a fan churning. It is a place to answer our curiosity and capture our imagination.

     The center features over four hundred exhibits covering topics like solar radiation, communications, electronics, mathematics, nuclear energy and evolution. It aims to arose interest in center to be established in South East Asia. It was opened in 1977 and it now receives an average of one thousand, two hundred visitors a day. The exhibits can be found in four exhibition galleries. They are the Lobby, Physical Sciences, Life Science, and Aviation. These exhibits are renewed annually so as to encourage visitors to make return visits to the center.

     Instead of the usual “Hand off” notices found in exhibition halls, visitors are invited to touch and feel the exhibits, put the buttons, turn the cranks or pedals. This is an interesting way to learn science even if you hate the subject. A Discovery Center was built for children between the ages of three and twelve. This new exhibition gallery was completed in 1985. Lately this year a stone-age exhibit was built. It shows us about the animals and people which are extinct.

Question 42: What is NOT true according to the passage?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

Traditionally in America, helping the poor was a matter for private charities or local governments. Arriving immigrants depended mainly on predecessors from their homeland to help them start a new life. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, several European nations instituted public-welfare programs. But such a movement was slow to take hold in the United States because the rapid pace of industrialization and the real availability of farmland seemed to confirm the belief that anyone who was willing to work could find a job.

Most of the programs started during the Depression era were temporary relief measures, but one of the programs – Social Security – has become an American institution. Paid for by deductions from the paychecks of working people, Social Security ensures that retired persons receive a modest monthly income and also provides unemployment insurance, disability insurance, and other assistance to those who need it. Social Security payments to retired persons can start at age 62, but many wait until age 65, when the payments are slightly higher. Recently, there has been concern that the Social Security fund may not have enough money to fulfil its obligations in the 21th century, when the population of elderly Americans is expected to increase dramatically. Policy makers have proposed various ways to make up the anticipated deficit, but a long- term solution is still being debated.

In the years since Roosevelt, other American presidents have established assistance programs. These include Medicaid and Medicare, food stamps, certificates that people can use to purchase food; and public housing which is built at federal expense and made available to persons on low incomes.

Question 43:  New immigrants to the U.S. could seek help from ___.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

Traditionally in America, helping the poor was a matter for private charities or local governments. Arriving immigrants depended mainly on predecessors from their homeland to help them start a new life. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, several European nations instituted public-welfare programs. But such a movement was slow to take hold in the United States because the rapid pace of industrialization and the real availability of farmland seemed to confirm the belief that anyone who was willing to work could find a job.

Most of the programs started during the Depression era were temporary relief measures, but one of the programs – Social Security – has become an American institution. Paid for by deductions from the paychecks of working people, Social Security ensures that retired persons receive a modest monthly income and also provides unemployment insurance, disability insurance, and other assistance to those who need it. Social Security payments to retired persons can start at age 62, but many wait until age 65, when the payments are slightly higher. Recently, there has been concern that the Social Security fund may not have enough money to fulfil its obligations in the 21th century, when the population of elderly Americans is expected to increase dramatically. Policy makers have proposed various ways to make up the anticipated deficit, but a long- term solution is still being debated.

In the years since Roosevelt, other American presidents have established assistance programs. These include Medicaid and Medicare, food stamps, certificates that people can use to purchase food; and public housing which is built at federal expense and made available to persons on low incomes.

Question 44: It took welfare programs a long time to gain a foothold in the U.S. due to the fast growth of ___.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

Traditionally in America, helping the poor was a matter for private charities or local governments. Arriving immigrants depended mainly on predecessors from their homeland to help them start a new life. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, several European nations instituted public-welfare programs. But such a movement was slow to take hold in the United States because the rapid pace of industrialization and the real availability of farmland seemed to confirm the belief that anyone who was willing to work could find a job.

Most of the programs started during the Depression era were temporary relief measures, but one of the programs – Social Security – has become an American institution. Paid for by deductions from the paychecks of working people, Social Security ensures that retired persons receive a modest monthly income and also provides unemployment insurance, disability insurance, and other assistance to those who need it. Social Security payments to retired persons can start at age 62, but many wait until age 65, when the payments are slightly higher. Recently, there has been concern that the Social Security fund may not have enough money to fulfil its obligations in the 21th century, when the population of elderly Americans is expected to increase dramatically. Policy makers have proposed various ways to make up the anticipated deficit, but a long- term solution is still being debated.

In the years since Roosevelt, other American presidents have established assistance programs. These include Medicaid and Medicare, food stamps, certificates that people can use to purchase food; and public housing which is built at federal expense and made available to persons on low incomes.

Question 45: The word “instituted” in the first paragraph mostly means ___.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

Traditionally in America, helping the poor was a matter for private charities or local governments. Arriving immigrants depended mainly on predecessors from their homeland to help them start a new life. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, several European nations instituted public-welfare programs. But such a movement was slow to take hold in the United States because the rapid pace of industrialization and the real availability of farmland seemed to confirm the belief that anyone who was willing to work could find a job.

Most of the programs started during the Depression era were temporary relief measures, but one of the programs – Social Security – has become an American institution. Paid for by deductions from the paychecks of working people, Social Security ensures that retired persons receive a modest monthly income and also provides unemployment insurance, disability insurance, and other assistance to those who need it. Social Security payments to retired persons can start at age 62, but many wait until age 65, when the payments are slightly higher. Recently, there has been concern that the Social Security fund may not have enough money to fulfil its obligations in the 21th century, when the population of elderly Americans is expected to increase dramatically. Policy makers have proposed various ways to make up the anticipated deficit, but a long- term solution is still being debated.

In the years since Roosevelt, other American presidents have established assistance programs. These include Medicaid and Medicare, food stamps, certificates that people can use to purchase food; and public housing which is built at federal expense and made available to persons on low incomes.

Question 46: The Social Security program has become possible thanks to ___.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

Traditionally in America, helping the poor was a matter for private charities or local governments. Arriving immigrants depended mainly on predecessors from their homeland to help them start a new life. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, several European nations instituted public-welfare programs. But such a movement was slow to take hold in the United States because the rapid pace of industrialization and the real availability of farmland seemed to confirm the belief that anyone who was willing to work could find a job.

Most of the programs started during the Depression era were temporary relief measures, but one of the programs – Social Security – has become an American institution. Paid for by deductions from the paychecks of working people, Social Security ensures that retired persons receive a modest monthly income and also provides unemployment insurance, disability insurance, and other assistance to those who need it. Social Security payments to retired persons can start at age 62, but many wait until age 65, when the payments are slightly higher. Recently, there has been concern that the Social Security fund may not have enough money to fulfil its obligations in the 21th century, when the population of elderly Americans is expected to increase dramatically. Policy makers have proposed various ways to make up the anticipated deficit, but a long- term solution is still being debated.

In the years since Roosevelt, other American presidents have established assistance programs. These include Medicaid and Medicare, food stamps, certificates that people can use to purchase food; and public housing which is built at federal expense and made available to persons on low incomes.

Question 47: That Social Security payments will be a burden comes from the concern that ___.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

Traditionally in America, helping the poor was a matter for private charities or local governments. Arriving immigrants depended mainly on predecessors from their homeland to help them start a new life. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, several European nations instituted public-welfare programs. But such a movement was slow to take hold in the United States because the rapid pace of industrialization and the real availability of farmland seemed to confirm the belief that anyone who was willing to work could find a job.

Most of the programs started during the Depression era were temporary relief measures, but one of the programs – Social Security – has become an American institution. Paid for by deductions from the paychecks of working people, Social Security ensures that retired persons receive a modest monthly income and also provides unemployment insurance, disability insurance, and other assistance to those who need it. Social Security payments to retired persons can start at age 62, but many wait until age 65, when the payments are slightly higher. Recently, there has been concern that the Social Security fund may not have enough money to fulfil its obligations in the 21th century, when the population of elderly Americans is expected to increase dramatically. Policy makers have proposed various ways to make up the anticipated deficit, but a long- term solution is still being debated.

In the years since Roosevelt, other American presidents have established assistance programs. These include Medicaid and Medicare, food stamps, certificates that people can use to purchase food; and public housing which is built at federal expense and made available to persons on low incomes.

Question 48: Persons on low incomes can access public housing through ___.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

Traditionally in America, helping the poor was a matter for private charities or local governments. Arriving immigrants depended mainly on predecessors from their homeland to help them start a new life. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, several European nations instituted public-welfare programs. But such a movement was slow to take hold in the United States because the rapid pace of industrialization and the real availability of farmland seemed to confirm the belief that anyone who was willing to work could find a job.

Most of the programs started during the Depression era were temporary relief measures, but one of the programs – Social Security – has become an American institution. Paid for by deductions from the paychecks of working people, Social Security ensures that retired persons receive a modest monthly income and also provides unemployment insurance, disability insurance, and other assistance to those who need it. Social Security payments to retired persons can start at age 62, but many wait until age 65, when the payments are slightly higher. Recently, there has been concern that the Social Security fund may not have enough money to fulfil its obligations in the 21th century, when the population of elderly Americans is expected to increase dramatically. Policy makers have proposed various ways to make up the anticipated deficit, but a long- term solution is still being debated.

In the years since Roosevelt, other American presidents have established assistance programs. These include Medicaid and Medicare, food stamps, certificates that people can use to purchase food; and public housing which is built at federal expense and made available to persons on low incomes.

Question 49: Americans on low incomes can seek help from ___.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

Traditionally in America, helping the poor was a matter for private charities or local governments. Arriving immigrants depended mainly on predecessors from their homeland to help them start a new life. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, several European nations instituted public-welfare programs. But such a movement was slow to take hold in the United States because the rapid pace of industrialization and the real availability of farmland seemed to confirm the belief that anyone who was willing to work could find a job.

Most of the programs started during the Depression era were temporary relief measures, but one of the programs – Social Security – has become an American institution. Paid for by deductions from the paychecks of working people, Social Security ensures that retired persons receive a modest monthly income and also provides unemployment insurance, disability insurance, and other assistance to those who need it. Social Security payments to retired persons can start at age 62, but many wait until age 65, when the payments are slightly higher. Recently, there has been concern that the Social Security fund may not have enough money to fulfil its obligations in the 21th century, when the population of elderly Americans is expected to increase dramatically. Policy makers have proposed various ways to make up the anticipated deficit, but a long- term solution is still being debated.

In the years since Roosevelt, other American presidents have established assistance programs. These include Medicaid and Medicare, food stamps, certificates that people can use to purchase food; and public housing which is built at federal expense and made available to persons on low incomes.

Question 50:  The passage mainly discusses ___.

THE END – GOOD LUCK!